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Alcohol Research Paper - 1257 Words

Alcohol Research Paper Alcohol plays too significant a role in society today and should be an after thought as opposed to the most essential addition to any social event. Alcohol creates numerous social, economic, and health problems that could very easily be stopped if it played a less influential role in every day events. The use of alcohol is prominent in, but not limited to three social circles that include students, family groups, and religious gatherings. Experts have much to say about alcohol use and abuse in these three categories, including all of the negative aspects of drinking. Social drinking is a common occurrence around America. Whether it is after work or after a football game, white collar or blue,†¦show more content†¦As of 1991, about 14 million Americans met medical diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism. There are numerous health problems that are linked to drinking. For instance, if alcohol is consumed during pregnancy, birth defect s may result, worse, the baby could be born addicted to alcohol (Kellam, 30). High doses of alcohol have also been found to delay puberty in females and slow bone growth and result in weaker bones (Windle, 179). One of the main risks of drinking alcoholic beverages is having a stroke. A review of epidemiological evidence concludes that moderate alcohol consumption increases the potential risk of strokes caused by bleeding (Camargo, 1620). Another medical problem that involves alcohol is the use of prescription medications. Alcohol may interact harmfully with more that 100 medications, including some sold over the counter. The effects of alcohol are especially augmented by medications that depress the function of the central nervous system, such as sleeping pills, sedatives, and antidepressants, and certain painkillers (Thomas, 336). Upon understanding the risks of drinking, some people would surely stop. Better health is a good reason to do so. One of the main groups of alc ohol users is high school and college students. Despite a legal drinking age of 21, many young people in the United States consume alcohol. There areShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Addiction Research Paper2729 Words   |  11 Pagesand physically dependent on alcohol, and who would most likely have withdrawal symptoms upon trying to quit. This dependence prevents most alcoholics from being able to control when they drink and how much they drink. For that reason, alcoholics usually drink to excess despite the consequences. Alcoholism, like any addiction, is a chronic disorder which involves continued use despite negative consequences and requires ongoing treatment and management. This research paper will cover many aspects ofRead MoreFetal Alcohol Disorder Research Paper1227 Words   |  5 PagesFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (known as FASD), is a term which encompasses a wide variety of negative health consequences as a result of exposure to alcohol while in the womb (Williams, 2006). This exposure has the potential to cause severe, permanent brain damage leading to cognitive and behavioural deficiencies throughout childhood and adolescence (Brown et al., 2015). FASD only occurs within the general population of North America in approximately 9.1 out of every 1000 births (McLachlan et alRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Advertising On Adolescents1494 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol advertising is abundant globally. It is vital that adolescents are to be raised in a positive and healthy setting. Particular consumer segments are considered to be more subtle towards the negative impact of advertising (Morgan, Schuler and Stoltman, 1995). Due to the new social networking technologies exist today and the various way of advertising, it is not surprising that adolescents are exposed to alcohol advertising as direct promotions are easy and voluminous. A large number of researchRead MoreEssay On Alcohol Behavior1474 Words   |  6 Pagessaid for research by Fink et al., (2016). T here was no significant evidence that demonstrated a positive correlation between alcohol use by month and deployment into a combat area (Fink et al., 2017). The final suggestion was that factors outside of deployment as a whole are what change alcohol use. Although the findings did not strongly support the hypothesis, significant findings about post-deployment drinking behaviors were shown. According to the study, participants decreased their alcohol consumptionRead MoreAssignment 1 Essay example686 Words   |  3 PagesTeam assignment #1 Go to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Web site, http://www.nber.org, and select New Working Papers. In the Google search space, type alcohol. Use the titles and summaries of the papers to answer the following questions relating to elasticity: (a) Do the mentally ill have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol? Elasticity helps us define the relationship of changes in price and incomes to the effect of supply and demand. The question posedRead MoreExamining Adolescent Thought and Actions in the Journal Entitled Adolescence555 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescence From peer pressure to alcohol and drug problems adolescents face many difficult decisions in todays world. Adolescent psychologists study these problems and the way that adolescents react to them. The reason why they are studied is so that people can have an insight in to the mind of an adolescent. Many of the psychologists use the knowledge that is gained, from their research, to write research papers and books. Many of these books and research papers are submitted to different psychologicalRead MorePrenatal Problems In Children990 Words   |  4 Pages. Identify a gap in the developmental psychology research presented in chosen track. Jacobson et al. (2002) indicated that prenatal exposure to high amounts of alcohol induced several developmental problems as the child grew up. It has been described that alcohol exposure during pregnancy causes several developmental problems in children. Some of these problems include a slower reaction to both visual and auditory stimuli (Mattson, 2006), growth retardation problems (Chasnoff, 2015), and motor impairmentRead MoreAlcoholism And Dependency Of Alcoholism924 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper analyzes five peer-reviewed articles and fact supported from books discussing about the disorder, which also includes, scholarly reference executed through research studies. The study was conducted through online and offline sources. The research study that will be the main focus of this paper will be on alcoholism and topics discussed on the dependency of alcoholism. One will come across with articles having different discuss on the effects, use of and dependency of alcoholism. TheRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol On Children977 Words   |  4 Pagesexposure to high amounts of alcohol induced several developmental problems as the child grew up. It has been described that alcohol exposure during pregnancy causes several developmental problems in children. Some of these problems include a slower reaction to both visual and auditory stimuli (Mattson, 2006), growth retardation problems (Chasnoff, 2015), and motor impairment (Lucas, 2014). Additionally, Chasnoff observed that children that had been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy presented characteristicRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Dual Addiction1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concept of Dual Addiction This research paper will focus on the concept of dual addiction specifically, that of alcohol addiction and simultaneous nicotine addiction. I should make note at this point of my personal interest in the addictive process is a result of the existence of addiction in my family. I have experienced and observed the chaos, hardships and tragedies in my family as a result of the progressive nature of the addiction process. First, I would like to provide a general definition

Venlafaxine in Treatment of Depression †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Venlafaxine in Treatment of Depression. Answer: Introduction In this report, I will discuss provide an overview of a 28 year old male Mr. John Gray, explaining the reason for his admission in the hospital, his medical symptoms, nursing problems associated with his treatment, required nursing care and an evaluation of decision making factors that may help his recovery following Levett-Jones clinical reasoning cycle (Levett-Jones, 2013). In the final section I will contemplate my learning from the experience. Mr. John Gray is 28 years old male and single who had been admitted to the ward a week ago following an episode of self harm. John belongs to the farming community, north of Brisbane and his father is a grazier. He expects to take over the family farm soon. He is facing several issues like bruise marks on his legs and arms due to failed suicide attempts. He does not take part in any activities management and is quite reluctant to socialize. Therefore, he has been admitted to treat his depression. Depression is a state of disordered mood and aversion to any form of activity that affects the health and well being of a person (Karp, 2016). Mr. Grays farm appears to have suffered a great deal owing to the present drought conditions in his district. He has a rope burn mark on his neck. On evaluation it has been found that the mark is a result of breaking of a rope, which he presumably used to hang himself. He has several bruise and broken skin on his legs and arms. They have occurred due to subsequent fall after his attempt to hang. However, he did not suffer any serious physical injuries. The areas where his skin got broken were covered with a tape and some nonadherent dressing. The occupational therapist reported John was reluctant to take part in any individual activity or small group games. When I went to introduce myself, he was lying on the bed with the covers pulled up high. He did not want to engage in any conversation. When I addressed him, he began to grunt and turned away from me and faced the wall. On medical assessment it was found that he had a normal blood pressure of 125/75, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute and a body temperature of 36.3 C. Respiratory rate is the number of breath taken by a person per minute. The normal adult respiration rate is12 to 20 breaths per minute. His pulse recording was 66 beats per minute. A normal heart rate while sitting or relaxing should be between 60-100beats per minute. Depression is generally classified as a form of common mental disorders. It is characterized by loss of interest, sadness, low self-worth, guilt feelings, loss of appetite, tiredness and lack of concentration (Solomon, 2014). John exhibited similar kind of a behavior on his admission to the hospital. Studies suggest that any form of financial loss can act as a risk factor and make a person vulnerable to depressive disorder. In this case study, Johns farm has suffered huge financial loss due to drought. This financial stress eventually brought about a sense of worthlessness and a feeling of despair in him (Greenberg, 2017). Evidence suggests that depression is one of the major risk factors for suicide. Patients who experience a delusion of poverty have a five times higher likelihood to commit suicide compared to those without such delusions management. His financial condition is probably responsible for previous suicide attempts (Crowe Butterworth, 2016). He had a loss of appetite. H e reluctantly went for lunch on compulsion but ate almost nothing and soon returned to his bed (Sowislo Orth, 2013). The proves that he is suffering from dysthymic disorder, which is characterized by poor self esteem, low energy, poor appetite and feeling of hopelessness. Identify problems or issues John is on a medication of 75mg venlafaxine twice a day and not subjected to any other medication or psychotherapy. It has been established that monotherapy is not sufficient to reduce depressive symptoms. This is the first issue in his treatment (Vel'tishchev, 2015). He needs a higher dose of the drug in conjunction with other medicines. Another issue is his eating habit. I was informed that he had again skipped breakfast. Studies provide evidence on the relationship between potential changes in appetite and food preference and depression. John was compelled to go for lunch but did not have it. The idea of force feeding is controversial in such eating disorders. It makes a patient more aggressive and violent. The third issue found related to the case study was his repeated suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation arises from hopelessness and continuous frustration. Unrealistic expectations make several patients determined to end their life (Riumallo-Herl et al., 2014). The mark around hi s neck and the bruises on his body provide evidence that he has tried to inflict self harm upon himself. Moreover, when I went to his room to introduce myself and build a rapport, he had the covers pulled up high, grunted and turned away. A suicidal tendency can make him attempt such a self harm for another time while being isolated in his room and can create devastating consequences (Shah et al., 2014) Therefore, constant monitoring needs to be done to ensure his safety. I attempted to contemplate on a questioning technique to achieve a sound understanding of his problems. I asked myself questions like, what was theproblem, how severe is his mental illness and what can be done to provide relief. A psychiatric nurse is expected to identify probable outcomes specific for individual patients. The ultimate goal was to improve the status of his health. The outcomes should have been mutually and distinctly identified. I wanted to determine the efficiency of probable therapeutic interventions (Gunasekara et al., 2014). Clarification of goals is an essential step in the therapeutic procedure. Goals should be measured in behavioural terms. I wanted to realistically describe the changes I intended to accomplish within a time frame. I wanted to establish short term goals for his betterment. My short term goals were to ensure that John will come out of bed and participate in small group games and individual activities at the end of two weeks. I wanted to ensure that he does not encourage suicidal thoughts, the sense of wellbeing gets established and he starts eating properly (Choon et al., 2015). This will involve an assessment of his family and medical history, the factors responsible for the condition and involving his family for a better care provision. Research studies state that a patient taking multiple classes of antidepressants are likely to have better prognosis. A combination of bupropion (75-400mg per day) with venlafaxin can be used as a first line treatment method (Laib et al., 2013). Gradual administration of a combination of these two drugs will synergistically act to reduce depressive symptoms and will increase social function. Psychotherapy and cognitive counseling will also prove effective (Karyotaki et al., 2016). A trial, which involved more than 400 people with depression, found that a combination of these therapies and medication successfully treated depressive disorder in patients. Cognitive counseling, assisting him with personal hygiene and self care, initiating gradual conversation, encouraging him to write down his feelings on suicide, educating him on depression, constant supervision on his eating and sleeping patterns and providing a detailed information on the need for medical compliance can help in promoting wellness. Evaluate outcomes The treatment plan should be customized for him based on thorough assessment of his symptoms and an analysis of the side effects and therapeutic benefits. Comprehensive primary healthcare services are needed to promote optimal mental health in patients. Providing emotional support would ensure his safety, reduce helplessness and increase his trust in the staff (Driessen et al., 2015). Furthermore, the use bupropion in conjunction with venlafaxine can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure and extreme sweating. Thus, there should be a constant monitoring on his vital signs. Furthermore, a high dose of the two drugs may lower the seizure threshold in the patient and increase its occurrence (Furukawa et al., 2014). The dosage of the medicines should be immediately reduced if the patient exhibits such an episode of seizure. After I reflected on the incident, I was able to build a rapport with John and attend to his needs. I understood that the financial stress and family responsibility made him afraid and distressed. He was unable to devise a way of covering the monetary loss and felt embarrassed on his failure. This led to development of suicidal tendencies. I also realized, on appropriate interventions like empathy and emotional support, his self-esteem was rebuilt. It became difficult when he did not respond. I further reflected that it is necessary to employ interpersonal skills and non verbal stimuli (Renner, Cuijpers Huibers, 2014). Combination of the two drugs as learnt from evidence based practice significantly lowered his symptoms. I learnt that such patients need continual therapy and counseling based support to recover. Conclusion Depression is a mood of disturbance, which is characterized by grief and sadness occurring due to personal tragedy, monetary loss or lack of interest in some activities. Providing treatment to a depressed patient is a significant job for a registered mental healthcare nurse in practice. This report analyzed and reflected on the techniques I used to assess Johns bio-psycho-social needs and the probable treatment goals that I intended to achieve. The report also elaborated on references I gained after extensive literature reading, to clarify evidence-based treatment management. In conclusion, on using the clinical reasoning cycle as a parameter to identify the mental health issues, I was able to establish a proper scope of practice and formulate safe care provisions for the patient. References Choon, M. W., Abu Talib, M., Yaacob, S. N., Awang, H., Tan, J. P., Hassan, S., Ismail, Z. (2015). Negative automatic thoughts as a mediator of the relationship between depression and suicidal behaviour in an at?risk sample of Malaysian adolescents.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,20(2), 89-93. Crowe, L., Butterworth, P. (2016). The role of financial hardship, mastery and social support in the association between employment status and depression: results from an Australian longitudinal cohort study.BMJ open,6(5), e009834. Driessen, E., Hegelmaier, L. M., Abbass, A. A., Barber, J. P., Dekker, J. J., Van, H. L., ... Cuijpers, P. (2015). The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis update.Clinical Psychology Review,42, 1-15. Furukawa, T. A., Ogawa, Y., Takeshima, N., Hayasaka, Y., Chen, P., Cipriani, A., Barbui, C. (2014). Bupropion versus other antidepressive agents for depression.The Cochrane Library. Greenberg, L. S. (2017). Emotion-focused therapy of depression.Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapies, 1-12. Gunasekara, I., Pentland, T., Rodgers, T., Patterson, S. (2014). What makes an excellent mental health nurse? A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,23(2), 101-109. Karp, D. A. (2016).Speaking of sadness: Depression, disconnection, and the meanings of illness. Oxford University Press. Karyotaki, E., Smit, Y., Henningsen, K. H., Huibers, M. J. H., Robays, J., de Beurs, D., Cuijpers, P. (2016). Combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy or monotherapy for major depression? A meta-analysis on the long-term effects.Journal of affective disorders,194, 144-152. Laib, K., Brnen, S., Pfeifer, P., Vincent, P., Hiemke, C. (2013). 1023Therapeutic drug-monitoring of bupropion for depression.European Psychiatry,28, 1. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013).Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Pearson Australia. Renner, F., Cuijpers, P., Huibers, M. J. H. (2014). The effect of psychotherapy for depression on improvements in social functioning: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine,44(14), 2913-2926. Riumallo-Herl, C., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., Courtin, E., Avendano, M. (2014). Job loss, wealth and depression during the Great Recession in the USA and Europe.International journal of epidemiology,43(5), 1508-1517. Shah, R., Franks, P., Jerant, A., Feldman, M., Duberstein, P., y Garcia, E. F., ... Kravitz, R. L. (2014). The effect of targeted and tailored patient depression engagement interventions on patientphysician discussion of suicidal thoughts: a randomized control trial.Journal of general internal medicine,29(8), 1148-1154. Solomon, A. (2014).The noonday demon: An atlas of depression. Simon and Schuster. Sowislo, J. F., Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Vel'tishchev, D. Y. (2015). Efficacy of Venlafaxine (Velaxin) in the Treatment of Depression: Results of Recent Trials.Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology,45(5), 576.

On Salvador Dali Essays - Salvador Dal, Federico Garca Lorca

On Salvador Dali Salvador Dali, was born Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech at 8:45 a.m., Monday, 11 May 1904, in the small town, in the foothills of the Pyrenees, of Figueres, Spain, approximately sixteen miles from the French border in the principality of Catalonia. His parents supported his talent and built him his first studio, while he was still a child, in their summer home. Dali went on to attend the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, Spain, was married to Gala Eluard in 1934 and died on 23 January 1989 in a hospital in the town he born. Dali did not limit himself to one particular style or medium. Beginning with his early impressionistic work going into his surrealistic works, for which he is best known, and ending in what is known as his classic period, it becomes apparent just how varied his styles and mediums are. He worked with oils, watercolors, drawings, sculptures, graphics and even movies. Dali held his first one-man show in Barcelona in 1925 where his talents were first recognized. He became internationally known when some of his paintings were shown in the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1928. The next year he joined the Paris Surrealist Group and began his love affair with Gala who became more than just his lover, she was his business manager, muse and greatest inspiration. Surrealism emerged from what was left of Dada in the early 1920's and unlike Dada, a nihilistic movement, Surrealism held a promising and more positive view of art and because of this won many converts. It began as a literary movement in a Paris magazine. What they held in common was their belief in the importance of the unconscious mind and its manifestations, as was stressed by Freud. They believed that through the unconscious mind a plethora of artistic imagery would be unveiled. Both of these movements were also anti-establishment and they rejected the traditional Western Judeo-Christian beliefs and moral values and believed that reason and logic had failed man's quest for self-knowledge. The Surrealists differed from Dada in one other, ideological aspect. The Surrealists believed that man could indeed improve the human condition, the major difference between the two movements. A few years before his marriage to Gala in 1934, Dali emerged as a leader of the Surrealist Movement. Although Dali was intrigued with the Surrealist technique of automatism, in which the artist with pen and ink let his hand move quickly over the paper and let their thought through to the paper without allowing their minds to control those thoughts, he had already laid his foundation for his own Surrealistic art in his youth through his paranoiac-critical method. This contribution of his was an alternate manner in which to view or perceive reality. It was no new concept; it could be traced back to Leonardo da Vinci and his practice of staring at stains on walls, clouds, streams, etc. and seeing different figures in them. Everyone who goes cloud watching uses this technique. Dali, however gave this method a different twist. Dali linked his paranoiac-critical method, the ability to look at any object and see another, with paranoia, which was characterized then by chronic delusions and hallucinations. Dali himself was not paranoid but was able to place himself in paranoid states. In one of his more famous statements he said, ?The only difference between myself and a madman is that I am not mad.? He was able to look at reality and dream of new ideas and paint them, which he called his ?hand-painted dream photographs.? Through his paranoiac-critical method, Dali was able to look at everyday objects and attach a subjective meaning based on his obsessions, phobias and conflicts. The result was a new, imaginative visual presentation of reality. By the forties, however, Dali began his move from Surrealism into what he called his classic era. This is the area I will be focusing on in paper when discussing several of his artworks. Just before World War II, Dali and his wife fled from Europe to the United States. They spent the next decade in the States where Dali went through a metamorphosis of sorts. He gave his first major retrospective exhibit at The Museum of Modern Art in New York and soon afterward he published his autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. He began his series of eighteen large canvasses. One of the better known of these works is The Hallucinogenic Toreador. In this work Dali incorporated many elements from his Catalan culture, the toreador himself and the bull, his Catholic upbringing, the angels in the back of the arena, some of his artistic influences, the sculptures of the